Along the eastern edge of Alum Creek State Park in central Ohio runs a thoroughfare called Africa Road. I’ve lived in the general vicinity for years, and the road’s name always seemed a bit odd to me.
As it turns out, there’s a backstory behind it, dating back to the area’s significant role as a stop on the Underground Railroad. “Around 1847, in the community of East Orange — near what is today a crossroads just south of the dam at Alum Creek Lake — a church dispute over the issue of slavery led to the founding of a new antislavery Wesleyan church,” says Phil Hutchison, a spokesperson for the Ohio Department of Natural Resources. “The name ‘Africa,’ as applied to the new church and community, was initially meant as an insult, but abolitionists embraced it proudly.”
Late last fall, just off Africa Road in Alum Creek State Park, the ODNR unveiled the first of four planned “Heritage of Freedom” trails in the state commemorating Ohio’s contribution to the Underground Railroad.
Late last fall, just off Africa Road in Alum Creek State Park, the ODNR unveiled the first of four planned “Heritage of Freedom” trails in the state commemorating Ohio’s contribution to the Underground Railroad. “The Underground Railroad is a key part of Ohio’s history,” says Mary Mertz, director of ODNR. “This Heritage of Freedom Trail serves as a visual history lesson and provides an immersive way to see what freedom-seekers faced in Ohio’s natural environment during this time in history.”
It is estimated that by the end of the Civil War (1861–1865), as many as 500,000 or more people had emancipated themselves from slavery via the Underground Railroad. While moving from safe house to safe house, Black men and women, sometimes with children in tow, would travel by night, stopping to rest and hide during daylight hours in deep woods, swamps, caves, abandoned barns, or shacks — anywhere so as not to be seen.
I took in the three-quarter-mile-loop freedom trail at Alum Creek on a bleak winter day shortly after it opened. Helped by seven interpretive signs spaced along the trail, I tried to imagine what enslaved people might have experienced while on the run during that season of the year — scared, cold, tired, hungry, poorly clothed, possibly ill.
“The Underground Railroad in central Ohio had two main branches,” Hutchison says. “The first began in Ripley near the Ohio River, where John Rankin, a guide — known as a ‘conductor’ — helped many enslaved people find their way north. This route went through Columbus, Worthington, Delaware, and the Alum Creek Friends Settlement near Marengo in Morrow County. It then continued north to Canada by way of many other safe houses. The second branch of the railroad led from Columbus to Westerville, then farther north to the small settlements of Africa, Sunbury, and beyond.”
Secret signs or signals were often used to help freedom- seekers and conductors identify one another. For instance, imitations of bird calls, ribbons tied to trees, and lanterns shining from windows helped people safely connect during the long, arduous, and dangerous journey north. The “River Jordan” was code for the Ohio River, as crossing it meant arrival into the free state of Ohio.
Of course, even though Ohio did not allow slavery, freedom-seekers still had to rely on the Underground Railroad while traversing the Buckeye State on their way toward Canada. The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, a federal law, required that all escaped slaves, upon capture, be returned to their enslavers, and that officials and citizens of free states had to cooperate. The law was so controversial that it was one of the factors leading to the Civil War. It was not until President Abraham Lincoln’s issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, that the era of slavery officially ended in America.
Three additional Heritage of Freedom Trails are being planned by ODNR: one each at East Fork (southwest Ohio) and Portage Lakes (northeast Ohio) state parks. The location of the fourth is still yet to be determined.
The Heritage of Freedom Trail at Alum Creek State Park is located on the north side of the parking lot at the Galena boat ramp on Africa Road.
