birdwatching

Ditch parrots

sbradford — Tue, 29 Oct 2024 14:54:26 +0000

Ditch parrots

November 1, 2024

I’m old enough to have witnessed the demise of much of the ring-necked pheasant population in Ohio firsthand. In the 1960s, I remember my father taking me on a pheasant hunt to private property in the northwest part of the state. We had a great time, and we returned on opening day the next year anticipating the same.

What we didn’t anticipate were the bulldozed fence rows, burned brush piles, and other forms of habitat destruction we found when we got there. Needless to say, we didn’t see many pheasants that November day and we never returned to that farm.

Ringneck numbers in Ohio peaked during the 1930s and ’40s, and have been on a steady downhill slide ever since. The reason for the decline is simple, as it is throughout the North American pheasant range: the disappearance of quality grassland habitat.

As goes the habitat, so goes the population of birds.

The Asian ring-necked pheasant is a non-native game bird to Ohio; the first stocking here occurred in 1896. The first law regulating the bird’s hunting soon followed, with no hunting permitted until Nov. 10, 1900. By that time, ringnecks had become well established throughout most of the state, with the population peaking at an astounding 5 million wild pheasants!

The birds (also known as “ditch parrots” because of their bright plumage as well as their tendency to lounge along roadsides) found the Ohio landscape, with its patchwork of small farm fields and rural areas, welcoming and homey during the early 20th century. Farming was still largely done with horses, so pastures and hayfields were needed to feed those horses, as well as milk cows. Brushy fencerows provided both cover from predators and travel lanes to and from the crop fields where the pheasants found an ample food supply. In essence, it was ringneck paradise.

“The booming pheasant population began drawing hunters from across the Midwest,” says Jim Abrams, a retired Ohio wildlife officer and a member of Hancock-Wood Electric Cooperative. “Hotels were filled and cash was changing hands in diners, bars, hardware stores, and gas stations. Small towns in northwest Ohio — Van Buren, Liberty Center, Arlington, Kalida, and others — became destinations not only for out-of-town hunters but for out-of-state hunters as well. The economic value of the high pheasant population was palpable.”

Hunting was for cock birds only (hens were protected by law) and some 750,000 were taken annually in the Buckeye State. Of course, sportsmen were known to make occasional mistakes identifying the sexes, as Abrams recounts:

“Many game wardens began suspecting that more than the legal daily limit of pheasants were being taken, so officers began conducting roadblock inspections of vehicles. Cursory inspection of game bags was the norm, but if an officer brought along his bird dog, things could get interesting.

“For example, in one instance an officer turned his dog loose around one of the stopped cars, and the hunters began getting a little nervous. The dog went on point on one of the vehicle’s wheels, and the officers soon discovered that the hunters had hidden a dead, illegal hen pheasant behind the hubcap.”

Chances are we will never again see wild ringnecks in numbers anywhere close to what they once were in the Buckeye State. Again, habitat is key, and the undisturbed grasslands required for pheasant nesting and survival are few and far between in modern-day Ohio.

Organizations are attempting to stem that downward trend. Along with the Ohio Division of Wildlife, private conservation and hunting groups such as Pheasants Forever are working on habitat restoration programs.

That said, if you are a landowner who would like to manage your property for ringnecks and other wild grassland birds — both game and nongame — either of those agencies would be a great place to start. Cost-sharing is available if your property qualifies.

W.H. “Chip” Gross is Ohio Cooperative Living’s outdoors editor. Email him with your outdoors questions at whchipgross@gmail.com. Be sure to include “Ask Chip” in the subject of the email. Your question may be answered on www.ohiocoopliving.com!

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wildlife

Ohio Division of Wildlife

birds

birdwatching

Spring on the wing

sbradford — Wed, 28 Feb 2024 20:30:27 +0000

Spring on the wing

March 1, 2024

W.H. Chip Gross

Woods, Waters & Wildlife

This time of year, when most Ohioans can’t stand much more of winter, a certain songbird begins arriving in the Buckeye State with a promise that yet another spring is on its way.

Red-winged blackbirds are a common migrant through the state; the males arrive first, typically in March (though appearing as early as mid-to-late February some years), and females follow a few weeks later.

Ubiquitous, conspicuous, and easy to identify, male red-winged blackbirds are a stunning glossy black, their wing epaulets — lesser wing coverts — flashing a vibrant red, highlighted by a yellow bottom-edge stripe. The sight of males bobbing on cattail stalks and sound of their familiar, gurgling “kon-ka-reee” song are sure signs that spring weather is not far off.

Even though that song is welcoming to our ears, it’s actually a shouted warning to other male redwings — in essence saying, “This is my turf, pal, back off!” The males jockey for breeding territories that they aggressively defend when challenged by other males. Male redwings will even chase away much larger birds of other species. For instance, you may have seen a redwing harassing a red-tailed hawk or vulture, and both of those raptors are many times the blackbird’s size.

Highly polygamous, a male redwing may entice as many as a dozen or more females to nest within his territory. But the mottled-brown, nondescript females are not always faithful to the harem master, either. Recent DNA studies have shown that not all females within a breeding territory bear offspring fathered by the resident male.

Famed ornithologist John Eastman wrote of redwings, “Males often stray when seeking food or vacant territories, frequently trespassing onto occupied territories. When they do, they cover their red ‘badges’ with black scapular feathers of the wing so that only the lower yellow margins of the epaulet show, thus reducing chances of being attacked by the territory holder.”

Eastman added, “Casual observation might indicate large amounts of variation in size of red patches among male redwings. The fact is that all males have epaulets of about the same size but, unless displaying, the birds often cover them to a greater or lesser degree.”

Red-winged blackbirds are considered by ornithologists to be one of the most abundant birds in North America, with their continental numbers estimated at well over 100 million.

The second and most recent atlas of Breeding Birds in Ohio, published in 2016, estimates the Buckeye State’s population at more than 1.5 million.

Like many songbirds, female redwings may nest more than once per season — two or possibly even three times is not uncommon. Egg incubation takes only 11 to 13 days, with the young birds fledging in about two weeks.

During late summer and early autumn, immediately after the breeding season, adults and young gather into migratory flocks in anticipation of their trip south for the winter. Often joined by other species of blackbirds, huge flocks can build throughout the fall. In November 1989, a single, mixed flock of blackbirds in Ottawa County along Lake Erie was estimated at an astonishing 140,000 birds.

When feeding along the ground, such mega-flocks often appear to “roll” across harvested crop fields. It’s an impressive sight, as the birds in the rear of the flock continually fly up and leapfrog over those birds in the lead.

So, take heart, winter-weary Buckeyes: If redwings haven’t arrived in your area just yet, they’re well on their way … guaranteed!

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On the cheep

sbradford — Tue, 30 Jan 2024 20:11:19 +0000

On the cheep

February 1, 2024

W.H. Chip Gross

Woods, Waters & Wildlife

I’m a backyard bird-feeding genius. (Please don’t ask my wife about that statement; she claims to have multiple examples of my less-than-genius status — and not just pertaining to bird feeding. But she does tend to exaggerate.)

Now, where was I? Oh, right: bird feeders.

I maintain nine bird feeders outside my home-office window. Only two of them were commercially manufactured, and one of those two was given to me as a gift. The other seven I cobbled together from material I had on hand. I don’t mind spending money when I have to, but if I can save a few bucks and still get the job done, I’m all for it, especially with the continually rising cost of bird feed.

To attract a variety of winter birds, I offer three types of food: black oil sunflower seed, beef suet, and peanut butter. Below are descriptions of the types of feeders I use (I think Rube Goldberg would be proud).

Satellite-dish sunflower seed feeder

If you’ve lived in rural Ohio more than a few years, you probably have a small, obsolete satellite dish taking up space in your garage, pole building, or barn. Have you ever thought of repurposing it into a tray feeder?

I took a hacksaw and shortened the metal arm attached to my old satellite dish to about 8 inches. I then drilled two holes in the arm a few inches apart vertically, and mounted the dish on a four-by-four treated-wood post, 7 feet long. Burying 2 feet of the post into the ground holds the feeder rock-solid. Attach the dish — concave side up, of course — to the post about 4 feet from the ground, using bolts or heavy wood screws as fasteners.

The last step is to drill a half-inch hole in the middle of the satellite dish to allow water to drain. An added advantage of this feeder is that during the summer, you can cork the hole to create a shallow birdbath. Not surprisingly, seed-eating birds are drawn to this feeder: Cardinals, blue jays, chickadees, tufted titmice, goldfinches, and purple finches are the usual visitors. Sparrows and dark-eyed juncos (also known as snowbirds) will eat the seed beneath the feeder dropped on the ground by the other birds.

Cage-trap suet feeder

This is another one you may already have on hand. I took a muskrat cage trap, removed one of its two doors, and wired the other door shut. By adding a 2-foot length of chain to the open top of the cage, I can now hang this suet feeder from a tree limb. I have a second, smaller cage trap that I mounted directly to a tree using plastic zip-tie fasteners.

Don’t have any cage traps? Taking some 1-inch wire mesh and shaping it into a 4-inch square a foot or two in length will accomplish the same thing. Essentially, you want to create a narrow hanging basket. Hairy, downy, and red-bellied woodpeckers, as well as flickers, are the usual visitors to suet feeders. If you’re lucky, maybe even a crow-sized pileated woodpecker may show up.

Pine-log peanut butter feeder

Start with a pine log measuring 3 to 4 inches in diameter and about 18 inches in length. Bore 1½-inch holes completely through the sides of the log, spacing the holes several inches apart and at right angles to one another. Screw in a hook eye to the top of the log for hanging and you’re in business.

Using a flexible spatula, fill the holes with inexpensive peanut butter. Both white-breasted and red-breasted nuthatches will love you. Over time, the relatively soft pine wood will absorb the peanut butter oil, making the feeder weather- and rot-resistant, so it can last for years.

If you have your own DIY winter bird feeder idea you’d like to share with other co-op members, email me a photo and brief description of your creation at whchipgross@gmail.com. I may use it in one of my future “Ask Chip” online Q&A columns.

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Bird feeder recommendations

ahowat — Fri, 15 Sep 2023 17:20:25 +0000

Bird feeder recommendations

Looking good in orange

sbradford — Mon, 24 Apr 2023 18:00:52 +0000

Looking good in orange

May 1, 2023

W.H. Chip Gross

Woods, Waters & Wildlife

Roman Mast’s backyard looks like a bird-feeding test kitchen. Mast, a member of The Energy Cooperative in Newark, maintains a dozen or more birdfeeders year-round, offering not only black-oil sunflower seed and beef suet — as most of us bird enthusiasts do — but also raw peanuts that he obtains as floor sweepings from a peanut butter factory.

But come May, he’s all about attracting orioles — of which Ohio sees two species during spring migration: the Baltimore oriole and the orchard oriole.

“I have my oriole feeders out by the last week in April,” Mast says. “Through the years, I’ve tried a lot of different foods to attract orioles, including sliced oranges, but my main food now is simply grape jelly.” Orioles and a few other species, such as rose-breasted grosbeaks, gray catbirds, and some warblers, seem to love the stuff. “A red-bellied woodpecker even comes to my jelly feeders occasionally,” Mast says.

To be successful attracting orioles, Mast says, a person must have a passion for feeding birds in general. “Whatever foods you offer must be present consistently,” he said. “You can’t have feeders empty for days and expect to attract many birds. With orioles that’s especially true; I fill my jelly feeders daily.”

Hang oriole feeders 4 to 5 feet off the ground and close to mature trees in semi-open areas. My property is surrounded by woods, so I place one feeder along the edge of the yard and a second at the edge of my back deck; both are frequented by orioles.

Patience is also required. Mast says that if you have never attempted to attract orioles previously, it may take days, or possibly even weeks, for the birds to find your feeders. To help them locate feeders, make sure they are orange in color. Mast also believes that older birds remember where they found food in the past, so they will come looking for your feeders during subsequent migrations — success building upon success year after year.

Most of the orioles passing through Ohio during spring are headed to Canada to nest, migrating from northern South America and Central America (the males arrive first). Some orioles nest in the Buckeye State as well, with Baltimore orioles weaving a uniquely shaped hanging nest that looks something like a shaggy softball tethered to a high tree limb. The nests are easier to see once leaves have fallen from the trees in autumn.

Mast takes his oriole feeders down toward the end of June, thoroughly cleans them, then stores them away until next spring. “It’s with a bit of reluctance,” he admits. “Wild birds are a serious hobby of mine, a passion, and when that particular part of the annual migration cycle winds down and eventually ends, it’s always with a touch of sadness.”

Asked about his most memorable oriole experience, Mast recounted a likely once-in-a-lifetime event that occurred in the spring of 2020. “It was during the first week of May, and the weather had turned suddenly cold with a little snow,” he says. “Natural food for orioles, such as insects, was almost nonexistent for a few days, and as a result, birds were mobbing my feeders. I counted more than 30 orioles in the bushes and trees in my backyard simultaneously — an absolutely stunning, colorful sight I’ll never forget.”

Email Chip Gross with outdoors-related questions at whchipgross@gmail.com with “Ask Chip” in the subject of the email. Your question may be answered on www.ohiocoopliving.com.

What's in a name?

The Baltimore oriole, the state bird of Maryland, takes its name from the state’s founder, Cecil, Lord Baltimore, whose family’s coat of arms was a vibrant black and orange. Orchard orioles are so named because they frequent and prefer nesting in orchards. By the way, if you have an older bird ID field guide, you might see a bird listed as a northern oriole. Baltimore and Bullock’s orioles were once lumped together as northern orioles, but recent DNA testing has since proven the birds are indeed separate species.

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